OCLC, as a longtime advocate of the use of technology to make library collections more discoverable and manageable, has consistently investigated how people's relationships to information have evolved with the advent of the Web. Not surprisingly, the results have shown a preference for self-service on this global medium. The 2003 OCLC membership report "Environmental Scan: Pattern Recognition" found that most people, when asked to draw an association, still think mainly of "books" rather than electronic content and services that are increasingly available. The followup report "Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources" in 2005 determined users do not rely on Web-based library resources very often—nor do they particularly equate libraries with the Web.
Our 2007 report on "Sharing, Privacy and Trust in Our Networked World" found further that people did not perceive a role for libraries in the Web's newly "social" universe, where users promote themselves and share content within massive user communities. (Librarians largely agreed with that assessment.)
Without a strategy, the Web's too big
The issue is scale. Many libraries have set up individual Web presences. Taken together, however, these have not had the desired impact owing to the sheer size of the Web landscape and scarce tactics for enabling library-service links in the information environments where users congregate. A more unified, programmatic approach is necessary so that libraries can have an effective footprint.
As a worldwide union catalog, WorldCat has helped its contributing libraries give patrons access to a much larger cooperative collection, achieving a scale that no single institution could reach by itself. Now, WorldCat is building an even more expansive Web scale that takes this behind-the-scenes content network and moves it outside the library environment into the all-digital lives of today's information seekers and creators.
How large is this public? Consider that every day :
* More than 2 billion Web searches are performed
* eBay and Amazon.com are both visited by approximately 2 million shoppers
* Facebook grows by 250,000 user accounts
The Web has many tools for putting knowledge in front of these users, and many more that let them organize or add to a knowledge base. By using the tools strategically, WorldCat pervasively distributes data about—and opens new pathways into—the catalogs, services and reliable electronic content of its member institutions. Libraries are integrated into the wider Web experience, and a segment of this tremendous global traffic is captured and connected to them.
WorldCat.org: A platform and program for Web exposure
WorldCat.org is the focal point of OCLC's Web-scale strategy. Both a Web portal to the WorldCat catalog and a supporting program of data syndication that draws users from other popular Web destinations, it presents a common, relevant and compelling Web presence for libraries that promotes local content and value.
Access to library materials on a highly useful, usable and universal platform
The variety of services available on WorldCat.org and easy access to holdings for thousands of libraries encourages users to return to the site even as they move from one physical location to another.
Higher visibility on the most popular Web sites
Partnerships with key search engines such as Google, Google Books, Yahoo! Search and Windows Live Search—which index WorldCat data for popular and unique works—mean Web users see authoritative library content amongst search results for regular Web content.
More traffic to your online services
Collectively, the utility of WorldCat.org is demonstrated by one key metric: click-throughs to participating libraries. More than 2 million users each month connect an average of 700,000 times to materials in local libraries.
Seamless delivery of materials
Users don't want to search—they want to get to the information. On WorldCat.org, they can quickly localize their search for specific content and reach a local catalog record plus other fulfillment options. IP-authenticated users can link right to electronic full text, OpenURL resolvers and other local and group services.
A potent toolset for discovery
Functionality embedded in the WorldCat.org interface helps people better find and evaluate materials, browse collections and perform research. They can:
* Use a powerful advanced search, or search-result faceted refinement, to target specific items or a narrow range of materials
* More quickly localize to a library with suggested locations based on IP-geomapping
* Obtain or export bibliographic citations for individual items and lists
* For any author or creative principal, explore that person's associations with specific subject matter and other works and people via the WorldCat Identities profiling utility
A user-centric environment with social networking tools
Wherever they go on the Web, people have come to expect "Amazon-like" features that let them create their own information experiences and rely upon the opinions and expertise of online peers. WorldCat.org joins their lineup of Web workspaces by letting them contribute relevant content such as ratings, reviews and lists of library-owned items. And users easily cross-link WorldCat.org content with accounts at social bookmarking Web sites such as Del.icio.us and Digg.
People can put WorldCat where they want it
Easy-to-install plug-ins for browser toolbars and Facebook pages let Web users have access to WorldCat searching even when they're away from WorldCat.org. Also, any blogger, organization or library can post the modular WorldCat search box to a site and share WorldCat with their online audience.
A system for managing and distributing institutional metadata
Web-scale exposure of information that describes libraries—rather than the things they own—is achieved through the WorldCat Registry, a free service that lets any library centrally maintain and share data about its identity across common audiences such as vendors and consortia. (For participating libraries, Registry data also controls deep links to local services on the WorldCat.org platform).
Sunday, August 15, 2010
Saturday, August 14, 2010
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) is a set of communications standards for simultaneous digital transmission of voice, video, data, and other network services over the traditional circuits of the public switched telephone network. It was first defined in 1988 in the CCITT red book.[1] Prior to ISDN, the phone system was viewed as a way to transport voice, with some special services available for data. The key feature of ISDN is that it integrates speech and data on the same lines, adding features that were not available in the classic telephone system. There are several kinds of access interfaces to ISDN defined as Basic Rate Interface (BRI), Primary Rate Interface (PRI) and Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN).
ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. A major market application for ISDN in some countries is Internet access, where ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of 3 or 4 BRIs (6 to 8 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.
ISDN should not be mistaken for its use with a specific protocol, such as Q.931 whereby ISDN is employed as the network, data-link and physical layers in the context of the OSI model. In a broad sense ISDN can be considered a suite of digital services existing on layers 1, 2, and 3 of the OSI model. ISDN is designed to provide access to voice and data services simultaneously.
However, common use has reduced ISDN to be limited to Q.931 and related protocols, which are a set of protocols for establishing and breaking circuit switched connections, and for advanced call features for the user. They were introduced in 1986.[2]
In a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group (room) videoconferencing systems.
ISDN elements
• Integrated services refers to ISDN's ability to deliver at minimum two simultaneous connections, in any combination of data, voice, video, and fax, over a single line. Multiple devices can be attached to the line, and used as needed. That means an ISDN line can take care of most people's complete communications needs at a much higher transmission rate, without forcing the purchase of multiple analog phone line.
Basic Rate Interface
Main article: Basic Rate Interface
The entry level interface to ISDN is the Basic(s) Rate Interface (BRI), a 128 kbit/s service delivered over a pair of standard telephone copper wires. The 144 kbit/s rate is broken down into two 64 kbit/s bearer channels ('B' channels) and one 16 kbit/s signaling channel ('D' channel or delta channel).
BRI is sometimes referred to as 2B+D
The interface specifies the following network interfaces:
• The U interface is a two-wire interface between the exchange and a network terminating unit, which is usually the demarcation point in non-North American networks.
• The T interface is a serial interface between a computing device and a terminal adapter, which is the digital equivalent of a modem.
• The S interface is a four-wire bus that ISDN consumer devices plug into; the S & T reference points are commonly implemented as a single interface labeled 'S/T' on an NT1
• The R interface defines the point between a non-ISDN device and a terminal adapter (TA) which provides translation to and from such a device.
BRI-ISDN is very popular in Europe but is much less common in North America. It is also common in Japan - where it is known as INS64.
Primary Rate Interface
Main article: Primary Rate Interface
The other ISDN service available is the Primary Rate Interface (PRI), which is carried over an E1 (2048 kbit/s) in most parts of the world. An E1 is 30 'B' channels of 64 kbit/s, one 'D' channel of 64 kbit/s and a timing and alarm channel of 64 kbit/s. In North America PRI service is delivered on one or more T1s (sometimes referred to as 23B+D) of 1544 kbit/s (24 channels). A T1 has 23 'B' channels and 1 'D' channel for signalling (Japan uses a circuit called a J1, which is similar to a T1).
In North America, NFAS allows two or more PRIs to be controlled by a single D channel, and is sometimes called "23B+D + n*24B". D-channel backup allows for a second D channel in case the primary fails. One popular use of NFAS is on a T3.
PRI-ISDN is popular throughout the world, especially for connection of PSTN circuits to PBXs.
Even though many network professionals use the term "ISDN" to refer to the lower-bandwidth BRI circuit, in North America by far the majority of ISDN services are in fact PRI circuits serving PBXs.[citation needed]
Data channel
The bearer channel (B) is a standard 64 kbit/s voice channel of 8 bits sampled at 8 kHz with G.711 encoding. B-Channels can also be used to carry data, since they are nothing more than digital channels.
Each one of these channels is known as a DS0.
Most B channels can carry a 64 kbit/s signal, but some were limited to 56K because they traveled over RBS lines. This was commonplace in the 20th century, but has since become less so.
Signaling channel
The signaling channel (D) uses Q.931 for signaling with the other side of the link.
X.25
X.25 can be carried over the B or D channels of a BRI line, and over the B channels of a PRI line. X.25 over the D channel is used at many point-of-sale (credit card) terminals because it eliminates the modem setup, and because it connects to the central system over a B channel, thereby eliminating the need for modems and making much better use of the central system's telephone lines.
X.25 was also part of an ISDN protocol called "Always On/Dynamic ISDN", or AO/DI. This allowed a user to have a constant multi-link PPP connection to the internet over X.25 on the D channel, and brought up one or two B channels as needed.
Frame Relay
In theory, Frame Relay can operate over the D channel of BRIs and PRIs, but it is seldom, if ever, used.
ISDN and broadcast industry
ISDN is used heavily by the broadcast industry as a reliable way of switching low latency, high quality, long distance audio circuits. In conjunction with the appropriate codec an ISDN BRI can be used to send stereo bi-directional audio with 20Hz-20 kHz bandwidth, although commonly the aging G.722 codec is used over a single B channel lending the resultant audio a low-fi "ISDN sound". Where very high quality audio is required multiple ISDN BRIs can be used in parallel to provide a higher bandwidth circuit switched connection. BBC Radio 3 commonly makes use of three ISDN BRIs to carry 320kbps audio stream for live outside broadcasts. ISDN BRI services are used to link remote studios, sports grounds and outside broadcasts into the main broadcast studio. ISDN via satellite is used by field reporters around the world. It's also common to use ISDN for the return audio links to remote satellite broadcast vehicles.
IP based streaming codecs such as the Comrex Access are starting to gain a foothold in the broadcast sector, using broadband internet to connect remote studios. However reliability is crucially important for broadcasters and the quality of service offered by ISDN has not yet been matched by packet switched alternatives.
India
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, the State owned and largest communication service provider, offers both ISDN BRI and PRI services across the country. With the introduction of broadband technology, the load on bandwidth is being absorbed by ADSL. ISDN continues to be an important backup network for point-to-point leased line customers such as banks, Eseva Centers [1], Life Insurance Corporation of India, and SBI ATMs.
Other ISDN providers are Reliance, and VSNL.
ISDN is a circuit-switched telephone network system, which also provides access to packet switched networks, designed to allow digital transmission of voice and data over ordinary telephone copper wires, resulting in potentially better voice quality than an analog phone can provide. It offers circuit-switched connections (for either voice or data), and packet-switched connections (for data), in increments of 64 kilobit/s. A major market application for ISDN in some countries is Internet access, where ISDN typically provides a maximum of 128 kbit/s in both upstream and downstream directions. Channel bonding can achieve a greater data rate; typically the ISDN B-channels of 3 or 4 BRIs (6 to 8 64 kbit/s channels) are bonded.
ISDN should not be mistaken for its use with a specific protocol, such as Q.931 whereby ISDN is employed as the network, data-link and physical layers in the context of the OSI model. In a broad sense ISDN can be considered a suite of digital services existing on layers 1, 2, and 3 of the OSI model. ISDN is designed to provide access to voice and data services simultaneously.
However, common use has reduced ISDN to be limited to Q.931 and related protocols, which are a set of protocols for establishing and breaking circuit switched connections, and for advanced call features for the user. They were introduced in 1986.[2]
In a videoconference, ISDN provides simultaneous voice, video, and text transmission between individual desktop videoconferencing systems and group (room) videoconferencing systems.
ISDN elements
• Integrated services refers to ISDN's ability to deliver at minimum two simultaneous connections, in any combination of data, voice, video, and fax, over a single line. Multiple devices can be attached to the line, and used as needed. That means an ISDN line can take care of most people's complete communications needs at a much higher transmission rate, without forcing the purchase of multiple analog phone line.
Basic Rate Interface
Main article: Basic Rate Interface
The entry level interface to ISDN is the Basic(s) Rate Interface (BRI), a 128 kbit/s service delivered over a pair of standard telephone copper wires. The 144 kbit/s rate is broken down into two 64 kbit/s bearer channels ('B' channels) and one 16 kbit/s signaling channel ('D' channel or delta channel).
BRI is sometimes referred to as 2B+D
The interface specifies the following network interfaces:
• The U interface is a two-wire interface between the exchange and a network terminating unit, which is usually the demarcation point in non-North American networks.
• The T interface is a serial interface between a computing device and a terminal adapter, which is the digital equivalent of a modem.
• The S interface is a four-wire bus that ISDN consumer devices plug into; the S & T reference points are commonly implemented as a single interface labeled 'S/T' on an NT1
• The R interface defines the point between a non-ISDN device and a terminal adapter (TA) which provides translation to and from such a device.
BRI-ISDN is very popular in Europe but is much less common in North America. It is also common in Japan - where it is known as INS64.
Primary Rate Interface
Main article: Primary Rate Interface
The other ISDN service available is the Primary Rate Interface (PRI), which is carried over an E1 (2048 kbit/s) in most parts of the world. An E1 is 30 'B' channels of 64 kbit/s, one 'D' channel of 64 kbit/s and a timing and alarm channel of 64 kbit/s. In North America PRI service is delivered on one or more T1s (sometimes referred to as 23B+D) of 1544 kbit/s (24 channels). A T1 has 23 'B' channels and 1 'D' channel for signalling (Japan uses a circuit called a J1, which is similar to a T1).
In North America, NFAS allows two or more PRIs to be controlled by a single D channel, and is sometimes called "23B+D + n*24B". D-channel backup allows for a second D channel in case the primary fails. One popular use of NFAS is on a T3.
PRI-ISDN is popular throughout the world, especially for connection of PSTN circuits to PBXs.
Even though many network professionals use the term "ISDN" to refer to the lower-bandwidth BRI circuit, in North America by far the majority of ISDN services are in fact PRI circuits serving PBXs.[citation needed]
Data channel
The bearer channel (B) is a standard 64 kbit/s voice channel of 8 bits sampled at 8 kHz with G.711 encoding. B-Channels can also be used to carry data, since they are nothing more than digital channels.
Each one of these channels is known as a DS0.
Most B channels can carry a 64 kbit/s signal, but some were limited to 56K because they traveled over RBS lines. This was commonplace in the 20th century, but has since become less so.
Signaling channel
The signaling channel (D) uses Q.931 for signaling with the other side of the link.
X.25
X.25 can be carried over the B or D channels of a BRI line, and over the B channels of a PRI line. X.25 over the D channel is used at many point-of-sale (credit card) terminals because it eliminates the modem setup, and because it connects to the central system over a B channel, thereby eliminating the need for modems and making much better use of the central system's telephone lines.
X.25 was also part of an ISDN protocol called "Always On/Dynamic ISDN", or AO/DI. This allowed a user to have a constant multi-link PPP connection to the internet over X.25 on the D channel, and brought up one or two B channels as needed.
Frame Relay
In theory, Frame Relay can operate over the D channel of BRIs and PRIs, but it is seldom, if ever, used.
ISDN and broadcast industry
ISDN is used heavily by the broadcast industry as a reliable way of switching low latency, high quality, long distance audio circuits. In conjunction with the appropriate codec an ISDN BRI can be used to send stereo bi-directional audio with 20Hz-20 kHz bandwidth, although commonly the aging G.722 codec is used over a single B channel lending the resultant audio a low-fi "ISDN sound". Where very high quality audio is required multiple ISDN BRIs can be used in parallel to provide a higher bandwidth circuit switched connection. BBC Radio 3 commonly makes use of three ISDN BRIs to carry 320kbps audio stream for live outside broadcasts. ISDN BRI services are used to link remote studios, sports grounds and outside broadcasts into the main broadcast studio. ISDN via satellite is used by field reporters around the world. It's also common to use ISDN for the return audio links to remote satellite broadcast vehicles.
IP based streaming codecs such as the Comrex Access are starting to gain a foothold in the broadcast sector, using broadband internet to connect remote studios. However reliability is crucially important for broadcasters and the quality of service offered by ISDN has not yet been matched by packet switched alternatives.
India
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited, the State owned and largest communication service provider, offers both ISDN BRI and PRI services across the country. With the introduction of broadband technology, the load on bandwidth is being absorbed by ADSL. ISDN continues to be an important backup network for point-to-point leased line customers such as banks, Eseva Centers [1], Life Insurance Corporation of India, and SBI ATMs.
Other ISDN providers are Reliance, and VSNL.
Thursday, August 12, 2010
West Bengal Public Library Network
A new website has opened to day on the celebration of NATIONAL LIBRARIAN'S DAY, 2010 AT State
Central Library, Kakurgachi.
The new website has been opened by Dr. Debesh Das (Hon'ble Information Technology & Biotechnology Minister, West Bengal), and also present Sri Tapan Roy (Library Minister, WB) and Chief Guest Sri Soumendra Bera (Information & cultural Minister, WB)
Venue : State Central Library,(1/17, C.I.T. skim, 7-M, VIP Road, Kolkata - 700054
for more information please visit www.wbpublibnet.gov.in or click the mouse on title of the post.
Central Library, Kakurgachi.
The new website has been opened by Dr. Debesh Das (Hon'ble Information Technology & Biotechnology Minister, West Bengal), and also present Sri Tapan Roy (Library Minister, WB) and Chief Guest Sri Soumendra Bera (Information & cultural Minister, WB)
Venue : State Central Library,(1/17, C.I.T. skim, 7-M, VIP Road, Kolkata - 700054
for more information please visit www.wbpublibnet.gov.in or click the mouse on title of the post.
Research Project Database
: :Searching Research Project: :
This is the simple way to all of those who are searching research project for their MPhil or PhD. verify your research subject and topics with other, for solving the questing which arising in your mind that, "Is my Research Topic is similar to any one?"javascript:void(0)
SO, CLICK ON THE LINK
This is the simple way to all of those who are searching research project for their MPhil or PhD. verify your research subject and topics with other, for solving the questing which arising in your mind that, "Is my Research Topic is similar to any one?"javascript:void(0)
SO, CLICK ON THE LINK
UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme
Technology is a driving force in the contemporary education system. Proper and reliable communication is a pre-requisite to effective and efficient use of electronic resources available free in the web space or for a fee. Digital communication and networking technologies are key drivers of economic growth and social well-being in the 21st century. Like other physical infrastructure, well-developed National Information Infrastructure (NII) depicts prosperity on a country.
Academic institutions are required to upgrade their communication and network infrastructure to tap the maximum benefits from web-based electronic information resources that are proliferate the web space. Indian education system is one of the largest and oldest education systems in the world consisting of more than 431 universities and 20,677 affiliated colleges. The universities and colleges, put together accounts for 116.12 lakhs students enrolled in these institutions and 5.05 lakhs teachers.
Global competition in education system is forcing the academic institutions to change their curricula frequently and introduce new disciplines, which, in turn, impose greater demand on educational institutions to have good communication and network infrastructure so that researchers, scholars and students can access the most up-to-date information especially in emerging disciplines. It is important for a large country like India to build proper communication and network infrastructure so as to connect all academic institutions with each other as well as with global academic community and enable them to access, disseminate and share scholarly information in electronic format.
UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme
University Grants Commission (UGC), with its responsibility to coordinate and maintain high standards in university education, has launched an ambitious programme to bring about a qualitative change in the academic infrastructure, especially for higher education. Under this initiative, the UGC facilitates modernization of university campuses with state-of-the-art campus wide networks and has set up its own nationwide communication network named UGC-INFONET with INFLIBNET as its executing and coordinating agency. The scheme was inaugurated by the then Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee with the commencement of UGC’s Golden Jubilee celebrations on 25th December, 2002.
Services of a national Internet Service Provider (ISP), having national presence, are hired to provide Internet connectivity as well as for resources conceptualization, planning, establishing and maintaining network and communication infrastructure for all universities covered under 12 B Act of the UGC. The ERNET India is the Internet Service Provider for the UGC-INFONET since inception of the scheme in 2002. The UGC had signed an MoU with the ERNET India in April 2002 for providing Internet connectivity to the beneficiary universities.
The INFLIBNET, as an IUC of the UGC, acts as a coordinating agency for monitoring the network and Internet bandwidth provided to the universities under the scheme and liaisons between ISP and universities. The UGC-INFONET is based on open IP platform, deploying state-of-the-art technologies like IP multicast, TCP spoofing and other Internet tools that provide interactive education on PC or TV, enabling on-line response to queries. Open systems architecture ensures support for current and future applications.With expansion of the programme to additional universities and increase in demand for additional Internet bandwidth, the UGC has been advised to engage services of an ISP that has better communication infrastructure than that of ERNET. The process of selection of an alternate ISP is in progress current.
ABOUT UGC INFONET 2.0
University Grants Commission(UGC), with its responsibility to coordinate and maintenance of standards of University education, has launched an ambitious programme to bring about a qualitative change in the academic infrastructure, especially for higher education. Under this initiative, the UGC facilitates modernization of university campuses with state-of-the-art campus wide networks and has set up its own nationwide communication network named UGC-Infonet with INFLIBNET as its executing and coordinatry agency . The scheme was inaugurated by the then Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee with the commencement of UGC’s Golden Jubilee celebrations on 25th December, 2002.
For the proper implementation of the project, services of a national ISP(Internet Service Provider) or others that has national presence to provide Internet connectivity for all the UGC affiliated universities as well as resources conceptualize, plan, establish and maintain network and communication infrastructure for Indian Universities under the purview of UGC. The UGC had signed an MoU with the ERNET which is valid till Mar 31st 2010.
As per the instruction of UGC and direction of CVC, an ISP is chosen through open tender for providing connectivity under the scheme and named it as UGC Infonet 2.0 INFLIBNET placed an order as per the technical requirement recommended by Central Connectivity Monitoring Committee(CCMC) for connecting 181 universities. UGC Infonet 2.0 is the upgraded network infrastruture to connect Universities with 10 Mbps(1:1) Internet Bandwidth as part of the scheme. The network service is provided by BSNL at national level and the Gujarat BSNL Circle is the implenting agency.
Details are already sent to all Vice Chancellors and UGC Infonet contact person
OPERATION UGC INFONET CONNECTIVITY
UGC Infonet Connectivity Program operates through its Headquarter set-up at the INFLIBNET CENTRE,Ahmedabad And UGC (University Grants Commission) provides funds providing bandwidth to universities.
The Connectivity Program is monitored by a Committee constituted by Hon'ble Chairman, UGC to look into the various issues of the UGC -Infonet Connectivity program particularly in the context of appropriate Hardware, band-width and cost effectiveness of the programme. The Committee would also look into the various activities of the Scheme.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Communication and networking technology is evolving at a rapid pace to meet the ever growing requirement of providing information in any form, at any time, anywhere. Device- independent networks are set-up to enable flexibility of access, and also meet the requirements arising out of convergence of technologies. Regular technological inputs are necessary to upgrade the network infrastructure and to ensure delivery of upcoming applications and content to the education and research community in the country. The UGC and INFLIBNET have joined hands with ISPs to meet these challenges. The UGC-INFONET provides Internet bandwidth, a pre-requisite for delivery of scholarly content subscribed through the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium. Salient features of UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme are as follows:
Serves as a vehicle for distance learning and facilitates spread of quality education all over the country;
Facilitates delivery of education material including electronic journals and bibliographic databases to the remotest areas of the nation;
Serves as a resource for researchers and scholars for tapping the most up-to-date information;
Act as a medium for collaboration among teachers and students, not only within the country but also all over the world;
Facilitates Intranet infrastructure for beneficiary university; and
Serve as a channel for globalization of education and facilitates the universities in marketing their courses and project their R & D activities.In order to meet the objectives, the scope of the work assigned to the ISP as per the MoU is as follows:
Designing network infrastructure for the UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme;
Providing space to the universities / UGC for hosting their web sites;
Installing equipment and establishing Internet connectivity at the universities;
Training of personnel from universities to manage and maintain their networks and connectivity over ISP's backbone in collaboration with INFLIBNET; and
Providing mailing and other services to the universities and the UGC offices.
UNIVERSITY COVERED
SN University Name Current Bandwidth Proposed Bandwidth Remarks
1 Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur,Andhra Pradesh SCPC 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
2 Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
3 Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
4 Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
5 Anna University, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
6 Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
7 Assam University, Silchar, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
8 Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
9 Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
10 B.N. Mandel University, Madhepura, Bihar * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
11 Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
12 Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
13 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
14 Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
15 Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
16 Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
17 Bengal Engineering & Science University, Howrah, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
18 Berhampur University, Berhampur, Orissa BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
19 Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
21 Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharshtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
20 Bharatidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
22 Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
24 Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
23 Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
148 Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 27/03/2010
147 Calcutta University, Calcutta, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
25 Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, Varanasi, UP SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
26 Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
27 Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj Kanpur University, Kanpur, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
28 Cochin University of Science & Technology, Cochin, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/03/2010
29 Dayalbaugh Educational Institute, Agra, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
30 Deccan College Post Graduate & Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 30/03/2010
31 Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
32 Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
33 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
34 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technology University, Lonere, Maharashtra * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
35 Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Paliwal Park Campus, Agra, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
37 Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, UP BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
36 Dr.Harisingh Gaur Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
38 English & Foreign Languages University (EFL), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
40 Gauhati University, Gauhati, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
39 Ghandhigram Rural Institute, Gandigram, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
41 Goa University, Goa LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
42 Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
43 Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
44 Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad,Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
45 Gulbarga University, Gulabarga, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
46 Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhatisgarh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
47 Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
48 Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, Haryana SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
49 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
50 Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Hardwar, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
51 Hemchandraacharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
52 Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
53 Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
54 Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya, Khairagarh, Chattisgarh BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
55 Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
56 Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
57 Jain Vishwa Bharati Institute, Ladnun, Dist. Nagaur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
58 Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
59 Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
146 Jammu University, Jammu Tawi, J & K SCPC 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 30/03/2010
60 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1)
61 Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
62 Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 23/03/2010
63 Kakatiya University, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh BBVSAT 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
149 Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
64 Kameshwara Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University, Darbhanga, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
65 Kannada University, Kamalpura, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
66 Kannur University, Kannur Dist., Kerala * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
67 Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/01/2010
68 Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
69 Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
70 Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
71 Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
73 Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
74 Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
76 Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
75 Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
77 Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
78 Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyala, Vardha, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
81 Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidalaya, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
79 Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
80 Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 26/03/2010
82 Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 24/03/2010
83 Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
84 Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
85 Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
86 Mizoram University, Aizwal, Mizoram LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
72 MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
87 Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
88 Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
89 Nagaland University, Kohima, Nagaland LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
90 National Law School of India University, Bangalore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
92 North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/03/2010
91 North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
93 Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
95 Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
96 Patna University, Patna, Bihar BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
97 Periyaar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
98 Pondichery University, Pondicherry LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
99 Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
94 Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
100 Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
101 Rabindra Bharati University, kolkata, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
102 Rajasthan Vidyapith, Udaipur, Rajasthan BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
103 Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
104 Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
105 Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
106 Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
107 Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
108 Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Orissa BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
109 Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
110 Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
111 Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/03/2010
112 Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
113 Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 25/03/2010
115 Shri Jaganath Sanskrit Visvadyalaya, Puri, Orissa BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
116 Shri Lal Bahadur Shashtri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
120 Shri Padmavati Mahila Vishvavidyalayam, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
117 SNDT Womens University, Mumbai, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
114 Sree Sankaracharya Univ. of Sanskrit, Ernakulam, Kerala * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 27/03/2010
118 Sri Chandresekharendra Saraswati Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Kanchipuram, TN LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
119 Sri Krishnadevraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
121 Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
122 Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
123 Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
124 Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
125 Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
126 Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
127 Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
128 Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
129 Tilak Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
130 Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
131 University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
132 University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
133 University of Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 26/03/2010
134 University of Delhi, Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
135 University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/04/2010
136 University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K SCPC 1 Mbps 10 Mbps
137 University of Kerala, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
138 University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
139 University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
140 University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
141 University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
142 University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
143 University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
144 University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
145 Utkal University, Bhubneshwar, Orissa LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 30/03/2010
150 VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
151 Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 29/03/2010
152 Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
153 Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
154 Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
155 Vishvabharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
156 Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open Univ., Nashik, Maharashtra * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
159 Deendayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
157 The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
158 West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata -West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
160 The WB National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata–WB LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
161 Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
162 Karnataka State Women's University, Bijapur, Karnataka Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
163 Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), Ahmedabad, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 26/03/2010
164 Inter University Accelerator Centre( Formerly Nuclear Science Centre), New Delhi RL-512 Kbps(1:3) 10 Mbps
165 Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
166 Consortium for Educational Communication,New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
167 UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh LL-512 Kbps(1:3) 10 Mbps
168 National Assessment and Accreditation Council(NAAC), Bangalore not on Current ISP 10 Mbps
173 Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
169 Central University of Bihar, O. B. V. College, Patna Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
177 Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
176 Central University of Rajasthan, J.L.N. Marg, Jaipur Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
175 Central University of Punjab, Bathinda. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
171 Central University of Haryana, Gurgaon. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
174 Central University of Orissa, Bhubaneswar Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
178 Central University of Kerala, Kasargod Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
172 Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
179 Central University of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
180 Central University of Himanchal Pradesh, Shimla Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
170 Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps 04/05/2010
181 Chaudhary Devi Lal University,Sirsa,Haryana Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
182 Institute Chemical Technology,Mumbai Yet to be commissioned 10 mbps
Academic institutions are required to upgrade their communication and network infrastructure to tap the maximum benefits from web-based electronic information resources that are proliferate the web space. Indian education system is one of the largest and oldest education systems in the world consisting of more than 431 universities and 20,677 affiliated colleges. The universities and colleges, put together accounts for 116.12 lakhs students enrolled in these institutions and 5.05 lakhs teachers.
Global competition in education system is forcing the academic institutions to change their curricula frequently and introduce new disciplines, which, in turn, impose greater demand on educational institutions to have good communication and network infrastructure so that researchers, scholars and students can access the most up-to-date information especially in emerging disciplines. It is important for a large country like India to build proper communication and network infrastructure so as to connect all academic institutions with each other as well as with global academic community and enable them to access, disseminate and share scholarly information in electronic format.
UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme
University Grants Commission (UGC), with its responsibility to coordinate and maintain high standards in university education, has launched an ambitious programme to bring about a qualitative change in the academic infrastructure, especially for higher education. Under this initiative, the UGC facilitates modernization of university campuses with state-of-the-art campus wide networks and has set up its own nationwide communication network named UGC-INFONET with INFLIBNET as its executing and coordinating agency. The scheme was inaugurated by the then Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee with the commencement of UGC’s Golden Jubilee celebrations on 25th December, 2002.
Services of a national Internet Service Provider (ISP), having national presence, are hired to provide Internet connectivity as well as for resources conceptualization, planning, establishing and maintaining network and communication infrastructure for all universities covered under 12 B Act of the UGC. The ERNET India is the Internet Service Provider for the UGC-INFONET since inception of the scheme in 2002. The UGC had signed an MoU with the ERNET India in April 2002 for providing Internet connectivity to the beneficiary universities.
The INFLIBNET, as an IUC of the UGC, acts as a coordinating agency for monitoring the network and Internet bandwidth provided to the universities under the scheme and liaisons between ISP and universities. The UGC-INFONET is based on open IP platform, deploying state-of-the-art technologies like IP multicast, TCP spoofing and other Internet tools that provide interactive education on PC or TV, enabling on-line response to queries. Open systems architecture ensures support for current and future applications.With expansion of the programme to additional universities and increase in demand for additional Internet bandwidth, the UGC has been advised to engage services of an ISP that has better communication infrastructure than that of ERNET. The process of selection of an alternate ISP is in progress current.
ABOUT UGC INFONET 2.0
University Grants Commission(UGC), with its responsibility to coordinate and maintenance of standards of University education, has launched an ambitious programme to bring about a qualitative change in the academic infrastructure, especially for higher education. Under this initiative, the UGC facilitates modernization of university campuses with state-of-the-art campus wide networks and has set up its own nationwide communication network named UGC-Infonet with INFLIBNET as its executing and coordinatry agency . The scheme was inaugurated by the then Hon’ble Prime Minister of India, Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee with the commencement of UGC’s Golden Jubilee celebrations on 25th December, 2002.
For the proper implementation of the project, services of a national ISP(Internet Service Provider) or others that has national presence to provide Internet connectivity for all the UGC affiliated universities as well as resources conceptualize, plan, establish and maintain network and communication infrastructure for Indian Universities under the purview of UGC. The UGC had signed an MoU with the ERNET which is valid till Mar 31st 2010.
As per the instruction of UGC and direction of CVC, an ISP is chosen through open tender for providing connectivity under the scheme and named it as UGC Infonet 2.0 INFLIBNET placed an order as per the technical requirement recommended by Central Connectivity Monitoring Committee(CCMC) for connecting 181 universities. UGC Infonet 2.0 is the upgraded network infrastruture to connect Universities with 10 Mbps(1:1) Internet Bandwidth as part of the scheme. The network service is provided by BSNL at national level and the Gujarat BSNL Circle is the implenting agency.
Details are already sent to all Vice Chancellors
OPERATION UGC INFONET CONNECTIVITY
UGC Infonet Connectivity Program operates through its Headquarter set-up at the INFLIBNET CENTRE,Ahmedabad And UGC (University Grants Commission) provides funds providing bandwidth to universities.
The Connectivity Program is monitored by a Committee constituted by Hon'ble Chairman, UGC to look into the various issues of the UGC -Infonet Connectivity program particularly in the context of appropriate Hardware, band-width and cost effectiveness of the programme. The Committee would also look into the various activities of the Scheme.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Communication and networking technology is evolving at a rapid pace to meet the ever growing requirement of providing information in any form, at any time, anywhere. Device- independent networks are set-up to enable flexibility of access, and also meet the requirements arising out of convergence of technologies. Regular technological inputs are necessary to upgrade the network infrastructure and to ensure delivery of upcoming applications and content to the education and research community in the country. The UGC and INFLIBNET have joined hands with ISPs to meet these challenges. The UGC-INFONET provides Internet bandwidth, a pre-requisite for delivery of scholarly content subscribed through the UGC-INFONET Digital Library Consortium. Salient features of UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme are as follows:
Serves as a vehicle for distance learning and facilitates spread of quality education all over the country;
Facilitates delivery of education material including electronic journals and bibliographic databases to the remotest areas of the nation;
Serves as a resource for researchers and scholars for tapping the most up-to-date information;
Act as a medium for collaboration among teachers and students, not only within the country but also all over the world;
Facilitates Intranet infrastructure for beneficiary university; and
Serve as a channel for globalization of education and facilitates the universities in marketing their courses and project their R & D activities.In order to meet the objectives, the scope of the work assigned to the ISP as per the MoU is as follows:
Designing network infrastructure for the UGC-INFONET Connectivity Programme;
Providing space to the universities / UGC for hosting their web sites;
Installing equipment and establishing Internet connectivity at the universities;
Training of personnel from universities to manage and maintain their networks and connectivity over ISP's backbone in collaboration with INFLIBNET; and
Providing mailing and other services to the universities and the UGC offices.
UNIVERSITY COVERED
SN University Name Current Bandwidth Proposed Bandwidth Remarks
1 Acharya Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar, Guntur,Andhra Pradesh SCPC 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
2 Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
3 Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
4 Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, AP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
5 Anna University, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
6 Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
7 Assam University, Silchar, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
8 Avinashilingam University for Women, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
9 Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
10 B.N. Mandel University, Madhepura, Bihar * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
11 Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
12 Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
13 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
14 Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
15 Bangalore University, Bangalore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
16 Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
17 Bengal Engineering & Science University, Howrah, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
18 Berhampur University, Berhampur, Orissa BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
19 Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
21 Bharati Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharshtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
20 Bharatidasan University, Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
22 Bhavnagar University, Bhavnagar, Gujarat BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
24 Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
23 Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi, Jharkhand LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
148 Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 27/03/2010
147 Calcutta University, Calcutta, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
25 Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies, Varanasi, UP SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
26 Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
27 Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj Kanpur University, Kanpur, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
28 Cochin University of Science & Technology, Cochin, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/03/2010
29 Dayalbaugh Educational Institute, Agra, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
30 Deccan College Post Graduate & Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 30/03/2010
31 Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
32 Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
33 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
34 Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technology University, Lonere, Maharashtra * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
35 Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, Paliwal Park Campus, Agra, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
37 Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University, Faizabad, UP BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
36 Dr.Harisingh Gaur Vishwavidyalaya, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
38 English & Foreign Languages University (EFL), Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
40 Gauhati University, Gauhati, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
39 Ghandhigram Rural Institute, Gandigram, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
41 Goa University, Goa LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
42 Gokhale Institute of Politics & Economics, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
43 Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
44 Gujarat Vidyapith, Ahmedabad,Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
45 Gulbarga University, Gulabarga, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
46 Guru Ghasidas University, Bilaspur, Chhatisgarh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
47 Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
48 Guru Jambheshwar University, Hisar, Haryana SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
49 Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
50 Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Hardwar, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
51 Hemchandraacharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
52 Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
53 Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
54 Indira Kala Sangeet Vishwavidyalaya, Khairagarh, Chattisgarh BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
55 Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
56 Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
57 Jain Vishwa Bharati Institute, Ladnun, Dist. Nagaur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
58 Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
59 Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
146 Jammu University, Jammu Tawi, J & K SCPC 1 Mbps 10 Mbps 30/03/2010
60 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1)
61 Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
62 Jiwaji University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 23/03/2010
63 Kakatiya University, Warangal, Andhra Pradesh BBVSAT 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
149 Kalyani University, Kalyani, West Bengal, LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
64 Kameshwara Singh Darbhanga Sanskrit University, Darbhanga, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
65 Kannada University, Kamalpura, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
66 Kannur University, Kannur Dist., Kerala * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
67 Karnatak University, Dharwad, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/01/2010
68 Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
69 Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
70 Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
71 Lalit Narayan Mithila University, Darbhanga, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
73 Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
74 Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
76 Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
75 Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University, Ajmer, Rajasthan BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
77 Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
78 Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyala, Vardha, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
81 Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidalaya, Chitrakoot, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
79 Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
80 Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 26/03/2010
82 Mangalore University, Mangalore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 24/03/2010
83 Manipur University, Imphal, Manipur LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
84 Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
85 Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh. LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
86 Mizoram University, Aizwal, Mizoram LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
72 MJP Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
87 Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
88 Mother Teresa Women’s University, Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
89 Nagaland University, Kohima, Nagaland LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
90 National Law School of India University, Bangalore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
92 North Eastern Hill University, Shillong, Meghalaya LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/03/2010
91 North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
93 Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
95 Punjab University, Chandigarh, Punjab LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
96 Patna University, Patna, Bihar BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
97 Periyaar University, Salem, Tamil Nadu * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
98 Pondichery University, Pondicherry LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
99 Potti Sreeramulu Telugu University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
94 Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
100 Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
101 Rabindra Bharati University, kolkata, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
102 Rajasthan Vidyapith, Udaipur, Rajasthan BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
103 Rajiv Gandhi University, Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
104 Ranchi University, Ranchi, Jharkhand LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
105 Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
106 Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
107 Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
108 Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Orissa BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
109 Sampurnanand Sanskrit University, Varanasi, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
110 Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, Maharashtra BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
111 Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/03/2010
112 Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 18/03/2010
113 Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 25/03/2010
115 Shri Jaganath Sanskrit Visvadyalaya, Puri, Orissa BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
116 Shri Lal Bahadur Shashtri Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth, New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
120 Shri Padmavati Mahila Vishvavidyalayam, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
117 SNDT Womens University, Mumbai, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
114 Sree Sankaracharya Univ. of Sanskrit, Ernakulam, Kerala * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 27/03/2010
118 Sri Chandresekharendra Saraswati Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Kanchipuram, TN LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
119 Sri Krishnadevraya University, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
121 Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
122 Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh SCPC 512 Kbps 10 Mbps
123 Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
124 Tamil University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
125 Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
126 Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
127 Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
128 Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
129 Tilak Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar BBVSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
130 Tripura University, Agartala, Tripura LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
131 University of Allahabad, Allahabad, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
132 University of Burdwan, Burdwan, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
133 University of Calicut, Kozhikode, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 26/03/2010
134 University of Delhi, Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
135 University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 04/04/2010
136 University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K SCPC 1 Mbps 10 Mbps
137 University of Kerala, Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
138 University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
139 University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
140 University of Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
141 University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
142 University of North Bengal, Darjeeling, Uttranchal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
143 University of Pune, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
144 University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps NKN Connected
145 Utkal University, Bhubneshwar, Orissa LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 30/03/2010
150 VBS Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, UP BB VSAT 256 Kbps 10 Mbps
151 Veer Narmad South Gujarat University, Surat, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 29/03/2010
152 Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
153 Vikram University, Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
154 Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, Jharkhand * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
155 Vishvabharati, Santiniketan, West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
156 Yashwantrao Chavan Maharashtra Open Univ., Nashik, Maharashtra * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
159 Deendayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, UP LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
157 The Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, Chennai LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
158 West Bengal University of Technology, Kolkata -West Bengal LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
160 The WB National University of Juridical Sciences, Kolkata–WB LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
161 Sikkim University, Gangtok, Sikkim * LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
162 Karnataka State Women's University, Bijapur, Karnataka Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
163 Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), Ahmedabad, Gujarat LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 26/03/2010
164 Inter University Accelerator Centre( Formerly Nuclear Science Centre), New Delhi RL-512 Kbps(1:3) 10 Mbps
165 Inter University Centre for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Pune, Maharashtra LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps 31/03/2010
166 Consortium for Educational Communication,New Delhi LL-2 Mbps (1:1) 10 Mbps
167 UGC-DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Indore, Madhya Pradesh LL-512 Kbps(1:3) 10 Mbps
168 National Assessment and Accreditation Council(NAAC), Bangalore not on Current ISP 10 Mbps
173 Central University of Karnataka, Gulbarga. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
169 Central University of Bihar, O. B. V. College, Patna Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
177 Central University of Tamilnadu, Thiruvarur Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
176 Central University of Rajasthan, J.L.N. Marg, Jaipur Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
175 Central University of Punjab, Bathinda. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
171 Central University of Haryana, Gurgaon. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
174 Central University of Orissa, Bhubaneswar Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
178 Central University of Kerala, Kasargod Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
172 Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
179 Central University of Jammu & Kashmir, Srinagar Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
180 Central University of Himanchal Pradesh, Shimla Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
170 Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar. Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps 04/05/2010
181 Chaudhary Devi Lal University,Sirsa,Haryana Yet to be commissioned 10 Mbps
182 Institute Chemical Technology,Mumbai Yet to be commissioned 10 mbps
Wednesday, August 11, 2010
Citation Analysis
Citation analysis is the examination of the frequency, patterns and graphs of citations in articles and books. It uses citations in scholarly works to establish links to other works or other researchers. It is one of the most widely used methods of bibliometrics. For example, bibliographic coupling and co-citation are association measures based on citation analysis (shared citations or shared references).
Automated citation indexing[3] has changed the nature of citation analysis research, allowing millions of citations to be analyzed for large scale patterns and knowledge discovery. The first example of automated citation indexing was CiteSeer, later to be followed by Google Scholar.
Today citation analysis tools are easily available to compute various impact measures for scholars based on data from citation indices. These have various applications, from the identification of expert referees to review papers and grant proposals, to providing transparent data in support of academic merit review, tenure, and promotion decisions.
Citation Analysis for legal documents
Citation analysis for legal documents is an approach to facilitate the understanding and analysis of inter-related regulatory compliance documents by exploration the citations that connect provisions to other provisions within the same document or between different documents. Citation analysis uses a citation graph extracted from a regulatory document.
Issues raised by electronic publishing
Due to the unprecedented growth of electronic resource (e-resource) availability, one of the questions currently being explored is, "how often are e-resources being cited in my field?" For instance, there are claims that on-line access to computer science literature leads to higher citation rates, however, humanities articles may suffer if not in print.
Automated citation indexing[3] has changed the nature of citation analysis research, allowing millions of citations to be analyzed for large scale patterns and knowledge discovery. The first example of automated citation indexing was CiteSeer, later to be followed by Google Scholar.
Today citation analysis tools are easily available to compute various impact measures for scholars based on data from citation indices. These have various applications, from the identification of expert referees to review papers and grant proposals, to providing transparent data in support of academic merit review, tenure, and promotion decisions.
Citation Analysis for legal documents
Citation analysis for legal documents is an approach to facilitate the understanding and analysis of inter-related regulatory compliance documents by exploration the citations that connect provisions to other provisions within the same document or between different documents. Citation analysis uses a citation graph extracted from a regulatory document.
Issues raised by electronic publishing
Due to the unprecedented growth of electronic resource (e-resource) availability, one of the questions currently being explored is, "how often are e-resources being cited in my field?" For instance, there are claims that on-line access to computer science literature leads to higher citation rates, however, humanities articles may suffer if not in print.
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